Sports/Olympics / History
History of Basketball
(kansasheritage.org)
Updated: 2006-08-15 11:27
History of Basketball
Dr. James Naismith, Inventor of Basketball
KU Basketball Program Founder
Dr. James Naismith is known world-wide as the inventor of basketball. He
was born in 1861 in Ramsay township, near Almonte, Ontario, Canada. The
concept of basketball was born from Naismith's school days in the area
where he played a simple child's game known as duck-on-a-rock outside his
one-room schoolhouse. The game involved attempting to knock a "duck" off
the top of a large rock by tossing another rock at it. Naismith went on
to attend McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
After serving as McGill's Athletic Director, James Naismith moved on to
the YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA in 1891,
where the sport of basketball was born. In Springfield, Naismith was
faced with the problem of finding a sport that was suitable for play
inside during the Massachusetts winter for the students at the School for
Christian Workers. Naismith wanted to create a game of skill for the
students instead of one that relied solely on strength. He needed a game
that could be played indoors in a relatively small space. The first game
was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets used as goals.
James Naismith devised a set of thirteen rules of basketball:
The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never
with the fist.
A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot
on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man running at good
speed.
The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not
be used for holding it.
No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking or tripping in any way of an
opponent. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count
as a foul; the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made
or, if there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of
the game. No substitution shall be allowed.
A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violations of Rules 3 and 4
and such as described in Rule 5.
If either side make three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for
the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the meantime
making a foul).
Goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into
the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not
touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edge and the
opponents move the basket, it shall count as a goal.
When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and
played by the first person touching it. In case of dispute the umpire
shall throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five
seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side
persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify
the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have
the power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play
in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall
decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals with any
other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
The time shall be two 15-minute halves with five minutes' rest between.
The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winners.
In addition to the creation of the basketball, James Naismith graduated
as a medical doctor, primarily interested in sports physiology and what
we would today call sports science and as Presbyterian minister, with a
keen interest in philosophy and clean living. Naismith watched his sport,
basketball, introduced in many nations by the YMCA movement as early as
1893. Basketball was introduced at the Berlin Olympics in 1936. Today
basketball has grown to become one of the world's most popular sports.
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